Conflict in Democratic Republic of Congo alleged to involve war crimes by all involved parties, according to UN investigation

Militia groups supported by Rwanda, including the M23, and the Congolese military along with its allies, have allegedly perpetrated severe human rights abuses in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, according to investigations conducted by the United Nations.

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2025 September 15 . 12:18 AM

2 min read

Investigation reveals potential war crimes committed by all parties involved in the Congo conflict

Conflict in Democratic Republic of Congo alleged to involve war crimes by all involved parties, according to UN investigation

In a disturbing revelation, the United Nations has released a report accusing all parties involved in the conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) of committing war crimes and crimes against humanity. The report, established by the UN Human Rights Council in February, has particularly highlighted the actions of the M23 armed group and its alleged involvement in heinous acts.

The M23, which took up arms again at the end of 2021, has been accused of seizing swathes of land in the restive region with Rwanda's backing. This aggressive action led to the capture of key cities such as Goma and Bukavu early this year, setting off a spiraling humanitarian crisis.

The UN report, led by Erik Møse, former judge and president of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, reveals possible crimes against humanity committed by M23 members. These include murder, severe deprivation of liberty, torture, rape, and sexual slavery. The report also documents the failure of all parties to protect civilians, particularly during the takeover of Goma.

The M23's actions may have constituted war crimes and crimes against humanity, according to the UN report. The probe's findings reveal grave violations against the DRC's armed forces and affiliated armed groups like the Wazalendo, including deliberate killings of civilians, widespread use of sexual violence, and looting.

The UN report urges both the Congolese and Rwandan governments to take urgent actions to ensure strict respect for international law by their own national forces and affiliated armed groups, while ceasing to support the latter. It also highlights the need for prompt and independent investigations into all allegations of violations in the conflict.

The UN rights chief, Volker Turk, has stated that the atrocities described in the report are horrific and it is imperative to investigate all allegations of violations with a view to ensuring accountability. Despite agreements between the Congolese and Rwandan governments, including a "permanent ceasefire" aimed at halting the conflict, violence has continued on the ground.

The eastern DRC, a region bordering Rwanda with abundant natural resources, has suffered extreme violence for more than three decades. The report serves as a stark reminder of the ongoing struggle for peace and justice in this troubled region.