Connection Between ADHD and Migraines: An Examination
In a fascinating study published in BMC Neurology in 2018, a significant overlap between ADHD and migraine in adults was demonstrated. This research underscores the complex relationship between these two conditions.
People with ADHD are more likely to experience migraines, and vice versa. Migraine with aura, also known as "classic migraine," has a particularly strong link with ADHD. This association is thought to be due to overlapping genetic and biological factors, including dysregulation of neurotransmitters like dopamine, shared neuroinflammatory processes, and possibly vitamin D deficiency influencing both conditions.
Migraine can be triggered by a variety of factors, such as hormonal changes, stress or anxiety, low blood sugar, dehydration, skipped meals, caffeine or alcohol, lack of sleep or tiredness, strenuous exercise, specific foods with excess tyramine, bright or flickering lights, loud noises, changes in temperature or humidity, smoking or being in a smoky room, and even the stress of living with ADHD, such as difficulty concentrating and completing important tasks.
Interestingly, stimulants, common medications used to treat ADHD, can have differing effects on migraine symptoms. While they can trigger or worsen symptoms in some people, they improve migraine symptoms in others. This highlights the individual nature of these conditions and the importance of personalised treatment.
The link between ADHD and migraine was stronger for migraine with aura, which are sensory disturbances that can include seeing flashes or spots. Aura may also include other sensory disturbances, such as numbness, tingling, and speech problems.
Co-occurring migraine and ADHD were seen more commonly in people in their 40s and early 50s than participants ages 17 to 29.
Migraine requires both acute and preventive treatments. Over-the-counter medications and prescription drugs like triptans help once the migraine attack begins, while other medications like beta-blockers help prevent migraine before it begins.
ADHD symptoms respond well to stimulants, which act on dopamine receptors, and are often the first-line treatments for ADHD. However, dopamine receptor stimulation can also trigger migraine symptoms.
It's crucial for those living with ADHD and migraine to stick to a healthy lifestyle and speak with their doctor about which medications may be right for them. A healthy lifestyle, including getting plenty of sleep, not skipping any meals, and avoiding triggers like alcohol or particular foods, can help lower the risk of developing a migraine.
The exact cause of migraine is unknown, but some evidence suggests that migraine is related to dysfunction in the dopamine system. Despite the complexities, understanding this link between ADHD and migraine can lead to more effective treatments and improved quality of life for those affected by these conditions.
