Distinguishing between Ordinary Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Key Differences to Recognize
Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is a formal condition listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, text revision (DSM-5-TR). This disorder is characterised by a pervasive pattern of grandiosity, lack of empathy, and an inflated self-image that can significantly impact one's quality of life.
People with NPD may display a variety of behaviours, including a constant need for admiration and praise, use of manipulation tactics, limited or poor empathy, competitiveness, distrust, jealousy, and scorn and arrogance towards others. In relationships, there is typically an exploitative component.
Narcissism, however, refers to a sense of self-importance that exists on a spectrum. While some individuals may exhibit narcissistic traits such as arrogance, entitlement, and a need for admiration, these traits do not necessarily cause significant impairment. In contrast, NPD is a diagnosable mental disorder marked by a pervasive pattern of these traits leading to significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
Recognising the need for therapeutic intervention can be challenging for someone living with NPD due to a deeply engrained belief they are special and a refusal to take responsibility for behaviour or accept personal flaws or areas for improvement. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) can be a great place to start for treatment, and seeking a mental health provider who offers a specialisation in NPD is paramount.
Empathy-building techniques, such as journaling and identifying emotions, can also be helpful in the treatment of NPD. However, only a trained mental health professional can accurately diagnose NPD or identify narcissistic traits.
It is important to note that narcissistic traits may only appear in certain contexts or at times, and they can negatively impact a person's life depending on the severity level. Pathological narcissism can negatively impact how one sees and interacts with oneself and the world. In contrast, healthy narcissism is associated with a positive sense of self and prosocial behaviours.
NPD is a long-standing diagnosis, with traits often being visible in childhood or adolescence but not confirmed until after that time. To receive an NPD diagnosis, a health professional must determine if you experience at least five of the nine formal symptoms across different situations and persistently for more than 6 months.
In conclusion, understanding NPD is crucial in navigating relationships and interactions with individuals who may exhibit narcissistic traits. Seeking help from a mental health professional is the first step towards managing this disorder and improving one's quality of life.
