Ensuring the Safety of Autonomous Electric Vehicles: A Guide
As the world shifts towards electric vehicles (EVs), a new set of challenges has emerged – cybersecurity threats. A study conducted by the University of Georgia, among others, is shedding light on the cyber-physical security of powertrain systems in connected and automated electric vehicles (CAEVs).
One of the primary concerns is the vulnerability of EVs to cyberattacks. Unlike conventional internal combustion engine vehicles, EVs are connected to the grid for charging batteries, making them more susceptible to attacks. Increasing connectivity between CAEVs, charging stations, and smart grids exposes these vehicles to cyber threats that don't exist for internal combustion engines.
Researchers are investigating a range of vulnerabilities, from energy efficiency to safety. For instance, cyberattacks can affect the energy management systems in EVs, potentially reducing efficiency and causing faster deterioration in power capability and battery life. In extreme cases, severe damage from cyberattacks can decrease battery capacity and energy by up to 50 percent.
The speed and acceleration of EVs can also be compromised in a cyberattack, creating safety and functionality problems. A rapid decline in battery health due to a cyberattack can lead to unexpected vehicle behaviour, posing a significant risk to drivers and passengers.
To mitigate these threats, several techniques are suggested. A better firewall is one such method, designed to protect modern vehicles against cyber-attacks. Secure software updates, reliable hardware, and a secure on-board diagnostics port are also crucial components of a robust cybersecurity system. Code reviews and penetration testing are additional measures that can help identify and address potential vulnerabilities.
The study aims to provide guidelines for manufacturers to develop better technologies against cyberattacks on CAEVs. It also proposes an architecture for next-generation power electronics systems in CAEVs.
However, it's important to note that security studies of internal combustion engine vehicles do not address the powertrain systems in CAEVs. As such, the study on CAEVs is a significant step forward in understanding and addressing the unique cybersecurity challenges posed by these vehicles.
In the event of a cyberattack, swift action is key. Once a cyberattack is identified, the driver can stop the car to avoid further damage. It's crucial for drivers to be aware of the potential risks and take precautions to protect their vehicles.
The emerging studies can help carmakers and engineers develop a first-stage cybersecurity system for CAEVs. As the world continues to embrace electric mobility, ensuring the safety and security of these vehicles will be a top priority.
In-vehicle infotainment systems in CAEVs are a prime target for attackers, allowing them to hijack both safety-critical and non-safety functions. As such, ongoing research and development in this area will be essential to maintaining the trust and safety of drivers and passengers.
In conclusion, the study on the cyber-physical security of powertrain systems in connected and automated electric vehicles is a significant step towards ensuring the safety and efficiency of these vehicles. As the world continues to transition towards electric mobility, addressing the unique cybersecurity challenges posed by these vehicles will be crucial for their widespread adoption.
