Innovative method uncovers neural pathways governing high-level cognitive abilities in monkey brain
In a groundbreaking study published in Science Advances, researchers at the National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Japan, have developed a novel technique to understand the neural pathways involved in executive functions in primates.
The research, led by Dr. Kei Oyama from the Department of Functional Brain Imaging at QST, focuses on the interconnected brain regions of the dorsolateral part of the prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), dorsal caudate (dCD), and lateral mediodorsal thalamus (MDl). These regions play a crucial role in executive functions, which enable multi-tasking and place primates at the top of the evolutionary ladder.
The technique, called "imaging-guided chemogenetic synaptic silencing," allows researchers to selectively silence specific neuronal synapses to disrupt the flow of information and identify the role of these brain areas in working memory and decision-making.
In the study, the researchers focused on the dlPFC in the monkey brain and successfully silenced the unilateral dlPFC-dCD projections, altering the monkeys' preference in decision-making. Silencing the bilateral dlPFC-MDl projections, on the other hand, caused problems in working memory related to their surroundings.
The successful development of this technique could serve as a key technology for future research into primate brain functions. Dr. Oyama, who has around 20 publications in the fields of learning and memory, behavior analyses, neuropharmacology, electrophysiology, and more, emphasizes the potential impact of this study. "The findings of this study could deepen our understanding of mental disorders and lead to the discovery of treatments and remedies," he says.
This study was funded by several grants, including MEXT/JSPS KAKENHI, AMED, JST PRESTO, cooperative research program at PRI, Kyoto University, and National Bio-Resource Project "Japanese Monkeys" of MEXT, Japan.
QST, established in April 2016, is striving to establish world-leading research and development platforms and explore new fields. Its mission includes research and development into quantum science and technology, the effect of radiation on humans, radiation emergency medicine, and the medical use of radiation.
For media inquiries, please contact the Public Relations Section of the Department of Management and Planning at QST, reachable at [email protected] or +81-43-206-3026. The study can be accessed at https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abg4246.
The human brain's executive function, which enables multi-tasking, places primates at the top of the evolutionary ladder. This study provides valuable insights into the neural pathways involved in this crucial function, paving the way for future research and potential advancements in the understanding and treatment of mental disorders.
