Is There a Possibility of Mistaking ADHD for Bipolar Disorder?
In a 2011 study, a concerning trend was identified: children and adolescents were overdiagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and underdiagnosed with bipolar disorder. This highlights the importance of understanding the differences and overlaps between these two conditions.
Both ADHD and bipolar disorder can present differently in children and adults. While people with ADHD may struggle with consistent concentration and focus, those with bipolar disorder may experience significant shifts in energy levels and mood, including extreme highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression).
One key distinction is self-esteem. While increased self-esteem during mania is common in bipolar disorder, lower self-esteem is often present in ADHD. However, both conditions can have symptom overlap, with an estimated 60% to 90% of children with bipolar disorder also being diagnosed with ADHD.
This overlap can lead to misdiagnosis, particularly in children. Bipolar disorder in children can be mistaken for ADHD due to shared symptoms such as difficulty with memory, increased distractibility, and racing thoughts. During a manic phase, children with bipolar disorder may not require as much sleep as usual, while during a depressive episode, they may experience symptoms similar to ADHD, such as difficulty with attention and focus, and sleep disturbances.
Talking too fast or too much can be a symptom of both bipolar disorder and ADHD, but it may occur more frequently during mania in bipolar disorder. Psychosis is possible during severe mood episodes in bipolar disorder, but it is not present in ADHD.
Effective management of co-occurring ADHD and bipolar disorder is possible, but it may take time to find the right treatment approach. Mood stabilization is often the first step when treating someone with both conditions. Bipolar disorder medications such as lithium, anticonvulsants, atypical antipsychotics, and antidepressants can be used to help manage symptoms.
Medications for ADHD such as amphetamines (Adderall) or nonstimulants like atomoxetine (Strattera) can help improve attention and focus. However, treatment should be individualized and managed by experienced specialists to address symptom overlap and reduce risks such as mood destabilization.
Therapy can also help manage symptoms of both conditions. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), child and family-focused CBT, family therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT), mindfulness-based interventions, and interpersonal and social rhythm therapy are potential options.
It's crucial to remember that every individual is unique, and their symptoms and responses to treatment may vary. If you suspect you or someone you know may have co-occurring ADHD and bipolar disorder, it's essential to seek help from a healthcare professional for a proper evaluation and treatment plan.
