Prescription Drugs and Increased Risk of Heat Exhaustion or Heat Stroke
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As the weather warms up, it's important for older adults to take extra care to stay safe and healthy. Certain medications and natural changes associated with aging can increase the risk of complications during warm weather.
One such risk is heat-related illnesses. Medications that impair body temperature regulation and reduce sweating, such as diuretics, anticholinergics, neuroleptics (like Melperon), tricyclic antidepressants, beta-blockers, and medications for enlarged prostate like tamsulosin, can increase this risk. Additionally, medications prescribed for overactive bladder, such as oxybutynin or tolterodine, can also impair the ability to sweat.
The inability to regulate temperature and a decrease in sweating can contribute to symptoms of lightheadedness and dizziness. These symptoms, along with a headache, confusion, and reduced sweating, may be signs of heat stroke and require immediate medical attention.
Dehydration is another concern for older adults during hot weather. Aging can lead to a normal reduction of water in the body, and certain medications can exacerbate this issue. Dehydration is more likely in older adults due to aging and certain medications, and it can be prevented by drinking fluids regularly. Urine should be a light, clear amber/yellow color to indicate proper hydration.
To stay hydrated, it's important to drink fluids regularly, even if you don't feel thirsty. Older adults may have difficulty recognizing thirst, so it's important to make a conscious effort to stay hydrated.
In addition to staying hydrated, there are other steps older adults can take to stay safe in the heat. Enjoying the outdoors is a great way to stay active, but it's important to take breaks and sit down in shaded and air-conditioned areas to prevent overheating. If spending time in the sun, wearing a hat can help keep cool.
Another concern for older adults during hot weather is the risk of falls due to orthostatic hypotension. This is a reduction in blood flow to the brain caused by moving from lying down to standing or sitting, and it can lead to dizziness and an increased risk of a fall. For many older adults, a fall due to orthostatic hypotension can lead to a fracture and become a serious event.
To prevent falls, it's important to take it slow when moving from a lying or sitting position to standing, and to make sure to sit down and rest if feeling dizzy or lightheaded.
In summary, older adults should take extra care during hot weather to stay safe and healthy. This includes staying hydrated, taking breaks in shaded and air-conditioned areas, and being aware of the signs of heat stroke and how to prevent it. Additionally, it's important to be mindful of the risks associated with certain medications and to take steps to prevent falls due to orthostatic hypotension.
