Preventing Progression of Cataracts: A Guide
Cataracts, a condition that gradually cloud the eye's lens, can make it harder for people to see. This condition is a common issue in older adults, but it can affect people of all ages.
Being 60 years or older is a risk factor for cataracts that a person cannot change. However, there are several factors that individuals can control to reduce the risk of developing cataracts. A balanced, nutritious diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, leafy greens, nuts, and seeds can help slow cataract progression. Protecting the eyes from the sun, wearing protective eyewear during activities, quitting smoking, and limiting or avoiding alcohol are also beneficial.
Certain underlying health conditions, such as severe dermatitis, type 2 diabetes, and high blood pressure, are risk factors for cataracts. People with a family history of early cataracts are also more likely to develop the condition. A previous eye injury or surgery can also increase the risk of cataracts. Another eye condition, such as myopia, is a risk factor for cataracts as well.
Researchers are actively exploring new ways to slow the progression of cataracts. They are testing cataract eye drops and cell-based neuroprotective therapies, such as ENCELTO, a surgically implanted device that continuously delivers ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) to the retina. While these treatments show promise, no natural dissolution of cataracts has been confirmed yet.
People with symptoms of cataracts, such as blurred vision, double vision, increased sensitivity to light, or poor night vision, should consult a doctor to explore their treatment options. Certain medications, such as steroid eye drops, may increase the risk of cataracts. Therefore, it's essential for individuals to discuss their current medications with their doctor if they have concerns about their risk of cataracts.
Surgery is a method to improve long-term vision loss due to cataracts. People with cataracts may experience better vision and quality of life after cataract surgery. Without surgery, cataracts may continue to progress until a person loses their vision completely.
Before surgery, options to manage vision changes due to cataracts include new glasses, brighter lights, and treating underlying conditions like diabetes, uveitis, and malnutrition. Healthcare professionals consider a person's age, symptoms, and stage of cataracts when deciding on a management plan.
In conclusion, while cataracts are a common condition, there are steps individuals can take to reduce their risk. A balanced diet, protecting the eyes from the sun, quitting smoking, and limiting alcohol consumption are all beneficial. If symptoms of cataracts are present, it's crucial to consult a doctor to discuss treatment options, which may include surgery if necessary.
