Unveiling the Harmful Aspects of Aquarium Ownership
In the vast expanse of the world's oceans, a thriving industry exists that caters to the aquatic hobbyists worldwide. Approximately two million people keep marine aquariums, and this number continues to grow. This industry, however, comes with its own set of challenges and responsibilities, particularly in terms of the conservation of marine life and the preservation of coral reef systems.
Coral reef systems are ecological hotspots for ocean biodiversity, and many vulnerable communities rely on them for their livelihoods. The marine aquarium trade, therefore, is a shared responsibility between importing and exporting countries. The importance of sustainable practices within the trade cannot be overstated, as it directly impacts the health of our oceans and the lives of those who depend on them.
Three countries leading the charge for a sustainable marine aquarium trade are Indonesia, the Philippines, and Fiji. Regulation in these countries typically includes national wildlife protection laws, export permitting systems, and cooperation with international frameworks such as CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species). This ensures that marine species are collected and traded sustainably, with attention to conservation and biodiversity protection.
Developed nations, as importers, should take the lead in implementing laws on the marine aquarium trade due to resource limitations in certain countries. After decades of coral propagation, extensive scientific information gained from coral aquacultures can be used in the restoration of coral reef systems.
The marine aquarium trade is a significant economic activity, estimated to be worth up to USD$330 million annually. About 140 species of coral species are traded globally, with up to 12 million pieces of coral traded annually. Additionally, more than 1,400 species of fish and over 500 marine invertebrates are traded globally, with an estimated 24 million individuals traded annually.
However, not all species traded are listed in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), making their conservation difficult. One such example is the Banggai Cardinalfish, which has been harvested to the point of endangerment.
The marine aquarium trade also poses risks, such as the introduction of invasive species. The lionfish, an invasive species introduced by the aquarium trade, has wreaked havoc in US waters and poses a considerable threat to native species.
Despite these challenges, regulations in the marine aquarium trade have shown significant potential for sustainable transformation. Gear restrictions, Fish Recovery Areas, bans, catch limits, seasonal regulations, and precautionary regulations have all been implemented with promising results.
Moreover, the marine aquarium trade benefits science by providing easy access to marine species for research and educating the younger generation for future conservation efforts. It's a symbiotic relationship that, when managed sustainably, can contribute positively to the preservation of our oceans and the life they support.
However, unsustainable practices still persist, such as the use of cyanide to collect reef fish. It's crucial that all parties involved in the marine aquarium trade adhere to sustainable practices to ensure the health of our oceans and the continuation of this fascinating hobby.
