Victims of Domestic Abuse Experience Elevated Susceptibility to Trust Betrayal
In a groundbreaking study published in Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice in 2025, author Sarah E. Ullman delved into the long-lasting psychological impact of betrayal in survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV). The research, titled "Sensitivity to betrayal and new intimate relationship building in survivors of intimate partner violence," highlighted the struggles survivors face in trusting new relationships and the persistent effects of betrayal sensitivity.
The study found that survivors, regardless of their current relationship status, reported higher levels of betrayal sensitivity compared to women without such experiences. Survivors in fulfilling relationships showed somewhat lower levels of betrayal sensitivity, particularly regarding trust and perceptions of life change, but still reported higher sensitivity than women with no history of abuse.
Those dissatisfied in relationships or single reported especially high levels of mistrust and feelings that betrayal had permanently altered their lives. These difficulties can lead many to remain single as a form of self-protection, while those who do pursue new relationships may find themselves navigating heightened vigilance and fears of revictimization.
The study also revealed striking contrasts between the groups, with all IPV survivors reporting greater preoccupation with past betrayals than women without such experiences. Survivors who are dissatisfied in relationships or single exhibit heightened levels of self-criticism.
Interestingly, survivors in all groups showed higher external shame-concerns compared to the non-clinical group. However, being in a supportive relationship may help reduce some of the effects of betrayal sensitivity, potentially restoring trust and countering feelings of irreversible damage.
The findings suggest that therapy aimed at rebuilding trust and addressing beliefs about permanent change could be particularly valuable for survivors. The psychological impact of betrayal often lingers long after the abusive relationship has ended, underscoring the need for ongoing support and interventions.
The study, while relatively small and not fully representative, is an important step towards understanding the complex psychological aftermath of IPV. The sample consisted of 140 women recruited through online survivor networks, social media, and domestic violence organizations, and grouped into four categories: survivors currently single, survivors dissatisfied in a relationship, survivors satisfied in a relationship, and a non-clinical comparison group with no history of IPV.
Intimate partner violence is a global issue, with around 30 percent of women worldwide reporting such experiences, according to the World Health Organization. Future research could explore more diverse populations and test targeted interventions, such as therapies focusing on betrayal-related beliefs. Longitudinal studies would help clarify whether trust improves over time or as a result of supportive relationships.
A separate study by Alice Melin and Paul M. Salkovskis, also published in Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice in 2025, examines the impact of betrayal sensitivity, shame, and self-criticism on survivors of IPV in new relationships. This research provides valuable insights into the complex interplay of these factors and their impact on survivors' mental health and relationships.
